India is on the cusp of a nuclear energy revolution, with the Union Budget 2025-26 setting a bold target of 100 GW nuclear capacity by 2047. Through strategic investments, legislative reforms, and public-private partnerships, the government aims to position nuclear power as a key pillar of energy security and sustainability. This initiative is a crucial step toward reducing fossil fuel dependence, meeting growing electricity demands, and achieving India’s net-zero goals.
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India is embarking on an ambitious journey to revolutionize its energy sector by significantly expanding its nuclear power capacity. The Union Budget 2025-26 has set a formidable target: achieving 100 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear energy by 2047. This initiative is a linchpin of the “Viksit Bharat” mission, aiming to ensure energy security, reduce reliance on fossil fuels, and meet the nation’s growing electricity demands.
Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh, in an exclusive media interview, emphasized that the “Nuclear Mission” announced in the Union Budget 2025-26 will mark a transformative shift in India’s energy landscape. He stated, “Nuclear power will emerge as a major source of energy in India, ensuring long-term energy security.”
The mission focuses on enhancing domestic nuclear capabilities, fostering public-private partnerships, and accelerating the deployment of advanced nuclear technologies. A significant allocation of ₹20,000 crore has been earmarked for research and development (R&D) in Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), with a goal to develop at least five indigenously designed and operational SMRs by 2033.
To facilitate this expansion, the government plans to amend the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act. These legislative changes aim to create a more conducive environment for private sector investments in nuclear power projects, addressing previous constraints and opening avenues for both domestic and international stakeholders.
Dr. Jitendra Singh highlighted the importance of these reforms, drawing parallels with the space sector’s transformation under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership. “For 60-70 years, the nuclear sector operated under secrecy. Now, with greater openness and collaboration, India can accelerate growth and innovation in nuclear energy, aligning with the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat,” he said.
Development of Bharat Small Reactors
A pivotal aspect of this strategy is the development of Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs). These 220 MW Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) are designed with a proven safety and performance record. Upgrades to BSRs will reduce land requirements, making them ideal for deployment near industries such as steel, aluminum, and metals. This proximity allows these reactors to serve as captive power plants, aiding in the decarbonization efforts of energy-intensive sectors.
Public-Private Partnerships and Indigenous Development
The government’s approach involves active collaboration with the private sector. Private entities are expected to provide land, cooling water, and capital, while the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) will oversee design, quality assurance, and operations. This synergy aims to harness the strengths of both sectors, ensuring efficient and timely execution of nuclear projects.
Additionally, the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is spearheading the development of SMRs, which can repurpose retiring coal-based power plants and cater to energy needs in remote locations.
Aligning with Global Climate Commitments
This nuclear expansion aligns with India’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. By integrating 100 GW of nuclear energy into the national grid by 2047, India aims to significantly reduce its carbon footprint. Nuclear power offers a reliable, low-carbon alternative to traditional fossil fuels, complementing renewable energy sources like solar and wind.
Dr. Singh highlighted the government’s dedication to clean energy, stating, “Recognizing our heavy dependence on petroleum imports, we are committed to sustainable solutions, and nuclear energy will be a major pillar of India’s energy security.”
Current Progress and Future Outlook
As of January 30, 2025, India’s nuclear power capacity stands at 8,180 MW. The government has initiated steps to increase this capacity to 22,480 MW by 2031-32, with ten reactors under construction across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Plans for ten more reactors are in progress, including a major 6 x 1208 MW nuclear power plant in collaboration with the USA at Kovvada, Andhra Pradesh.
A significant milestone was achieved on September 19, 2024, when the Rajasthan Atomic Power Project’s Unit-7 (RAPP-7) reached criticality, marking the beginning of a controlled fission chain reaction—an achievement highlighting India’s growing nuclear prowess.
Dr. Singh reaffirmed India’s commitment to achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy generation by 2030, in line with its COP26 pledge. He credited Prime Minister Modi for driving this vision, stating, “It was Prime Minister Modi who initiated the Mission LiFE, ensuring a whole-of-government and whole-of-science approach to clean energy and nuclear advancements.”
India’s initiative to expand its nuclear energy capacity highlights a commitment to sustainable development and energy security. Through strategic investments, legislative reforms, and robust public-private partnerships, the nation is poised to transform its energy sector.
By expanding nuclear energy as a sustainable, scalable, and secure power source, the government aims to bolster energy security and meet the nation’s long-term economic and environmental goals. The future of India’s energy sector is poised for a transformative shift, driven by innovation, self-reliance, and a commitment to clean energy.
